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 LingvoSoft Dictionary software English <-> Yiddish for Windows - 400,000 words With this LingvoSoft smart dictionary software on your computer, you can easily switch between 14,000 of the 20,000 German, Austrian and Czech Jews deported to Latvia were murdered there in WW II. Yad Vashem has added a list of over 48,000 Jews to their database. Assistance is available via e-mail at names.research@yadvashem.org.il Balkan Research
At this site you will find many links to Yugoslavia, Croatia, Bosnia and the Czech Republic among other countries and subjects -
Books
"Jewish Sights of Bohemia and Moravia" - this books reviews the history of Jewish settlement in the Czech Republic and examines the history and character of Jewish ghettos, synagogues and cemeteries in the region. Published in 1991 "Rescue in Albania", authored by Harvey Sarner, details the facts that Albania is the only country in Europe that had a greater population of Jews within its borders after World War II, than before the Holocaust began. The reason, is that Albanians live by a moral code of responsibility called "Bessa, which not only mandates hospitality to guests, but makes insuring the well being of a guest an Albanian's personal duty. "Righteous Gentiles". These are non Jews, from many countries, who put their own lives at risk to save the lives of their Jewish neighbors during WW II and Albanians are particularly noteworthy in this regard.
Art Source International offers antique maps, prints and globes at Art Source International 1944 Map of Balkans, Carpathian Mountains Terrain Map Croatia Map Albania Books
Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Albania
A country with a population less than that of Los Angeles, with the courage to practice, rather than just preach their professed beliefs. Under Communist rule, Albania was proclaimed the world's firs atheist state, and the practice of religion, even privately, was outlawed. During this period, religious sites, Jewish and non-Jewish, were ravaged. With the collapse of Communism, most Albanian Jews immigrated to Israel, and today only a small remnant - about 15 people - of the Jewish population remains. During the Holocaust, Albanian Jews were protected by their neighbors and Jews from other countries who succeeded in reaching Albania also found sanctuary. Benjamin of Tudela heard of people living in the region, evidently
Walachians, toward the end of the 12th century: "They are not strong in the faith of the Nazarenes and call each other by Jewish names, and some say that they are Jews." Jewish settlements were founded at the beginning of the 16th century in the
Albanian seaports by exiles from Spain, who were joined by refugees from other areas. There were sizeable trading communities at
Berat, Durazzo, Elbassan, and Valona: here there were Castilian, Catalonian, Sicilian, Portuguese, and Apulian synagogues. Information about
Albania, including maps can be found at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/albania.html http://www.frosina.org/articles/default.asp?id=167 http://blog.aacl.com/albanians-and-jews-by-shirley-cloyes-dioguardi/ http://www.jewish-heritage-europe.eu/country/albania/albania.htm http://www.serbianna.com/columns/savich/060.shtml http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kD7gxkL13m8
Albanian Newspaper Link http://newslink.org/eualba.html Saranda
A 1500 year old synagogue was discovered here by archeologists from
Jerusalem's Hebrew University, as well as others who have been working to uncover and excavate the remains of this important historical site. http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org//albania/saranda.html Bosnia and Herzegovina
It currently has a population of about 3.4 million. Fewer than 1,000 Bosnian Jews survived the Holocaust. It borders Croatia; Serbia and Montenegro. Until declaring independence in the spring of 1992,
Bosnia and Herzegovina existed as a republic in the former Yugoslavia. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/bosnia.html http://www.beneden.com/sarajevo/
Books
Books on this country can be found by
clicking here > Jewish Genealogy
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Reference Including
Country Guide, E-mail and Business Page Directories, Maps Bosnia and Herzegovina Search Engines
http://www.searchengineguide.com/pages/Regional http://slavic.ohio-state.edu/people/yoo/links/bosnia/search.htm http://www.twics.com/~takakuwa/search/bosnia.html
Bosnia and the Balkan War You can research the Balkan Wars at this site.
The world's largest online library of over 45,000 books and 360,000 journal, magazine, and newspaper articles Diplomatic Representation from the US Chief of Mission: Ambassador Richard Kauzlarich. Embassy: 43 Ul. Dure Dakovica, Sarajevo Phone: [387] (71) 445-700, 667-391, 667-389, 667-743, 667-390, 659-969, 659-992 Fax: [387] (71) 659-722 Diplomatic Representation in the US Chief of Mission: Ambassador Sven Alkalaj, Chancery: Suite 760, 1707 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 Phone 1 202 833 3612, 3613, 3615 Fax: 1 202 833 2061
Europages Business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Jewish Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia-Herzegovina Post Offices of Former Austrian Territories
Includes Base post offices in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bohemia, Hungary, Levant, Lombardy, Mantua, Moravia, Silesia, Prague, Poland (Galicia), Venetia and Yugoslavia - all places are in alphabetical order, with provinces prefixed Sarajevo The capital city. Sarajevo is the major city with other cities and towns including Bihac, Prijedor, Banja Luka, Bosanski Brod, Brcko, Tuzia, Zenica, Gorazde and Mostar in the general area. There are many small towns, in addition to these, but most did not have Jews living there at any time. The Jewish community in Sarajevo dates back to as early as 1565 and is one of the oldest in the former Yugoslavia. The Sarajevo National Museum, since 1894, has owned the famous Sarajevo Haggada. This is the 109 page manuscript that is lavishly illustrated with exquisite illuminated paintings and has long been a symbol of Jewish presence in the Balkans. The Haggada was created in Spain in the 14th century and brought to Sarajevo after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492. The Old Stone Synagogue is being used for services again. It was built in 1581 and after WW II was used as a Jewish museum until closed during the Bosnian War. Jakob Finci is president of the Bosnian Jewish Community. http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/features/15718/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarajevo_Synagogue http://www.beneden.com/sarajevo/ Sarajevo
Haggada - The lavishly illustrated
manuscript that was hand written in Spain
in the 14th century and brought by a circuitous route to
Bosnia after the expulsion of the
Jews in 1492
Search Engines for Bosnia Scroll down to 'Search Engines' Slavophilia - a comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Translating Services - Click Here Just in case you didn't think of it, contact a nearby university or college's foreign language department. They may offer to write letters and translate letters into English. A nominal fee is usually charged. Vlasenica A small town near
Sarajevo in northern Bosnia where Jews still live. The singer Flory Jagoda, a Ladino Jewess, and her family came from this community. She now lives in
Alexandria, Virginia, USA. http://www.jewish-heritage-europe.eu/country/bosnia/bosnia.htm
Books on this country can be found by
clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Croatia
Located in southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia and is slightly smaller than the
State of West Virginia. It currently has a population of 4.7 million. Because of its location, this country controls most land routes from western Europe to the Aegean Sea and the Turkish Straits. More details about the country can be found at Administrative Divisions 21 Counties (Zupanijas, Zupanija - Singular): Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Beretta, Sitar, Carload, Koprivnica-Krizevci, Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj, Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonia, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina, Slavonski, Brod-Posavina, Split-Dalmatia, Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-Knin, Zagreb Archives
National Archives
http://www.europeetravel.com/maps/ http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/europe/croatia/ Europages Business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Newspaper Link http://newslink.org/eucroa.html Search Engines for Croatia Scroll down to 'Search Engines' Slavophilia A comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Cities and Towns
(Croatia)
Arbanasi (Zadar)
Like many other Mediterranean towns, Zadar
was also in its history a kind of cosmopolis. From times immemorial people
of Illyrian, Roman and Slavic origin mingled there. Then in the Middle Ages
a small community of Jews and Greeks were located in Zadar. Before
the Turkish wars, some communities of Arbanasi and Serbs
settled down. The Croatian and Italian languages could have
been heard in the town, while the Latin and Old Slavic languages were used
in churches. The remnants of that Mediterranean collage live nowadays, in
Zaratinian and Albanian dialect of the Italian and Albanian
languages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanians
Dubrovnik
The Jewish Communities of Dubrovnik database Fiume, (Rijeka) An emigration port on the Adriatic Sea for
Hungarian and Croatian Jews, is now known as
Rijeka and is in the
Republic of
Croatia near Trieste. At one time, before WW 1,
Fiume was located in Modrus-Fiume County in Austro- Hungary. http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/educational_materials/adl/lesson7_palatucci.asp Jasenovac Located about 60 miles southeast of
Croatia's capital of Zagreb. This is one of six camps that held Jews, huge numbers of Serbs and Gypsies who were slaughtered by the Ustashe. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Jasenovac.html Osijek Currently has a small Jewish population. http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/eu/jugoland/EncJud_juden-in-Osijek-ENGL.html Varazdin The FHC (Family History Center) has no films on Jewish records for this town, just Roman Catholic records.
This lovely baroque city was once Croatia's former capital. http://www.durham.net/facts/crogen/newsltr13.html http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0020_0_20322.html
Zagreb
The capital of Croatia currently has a small Jewish population.
A city at the crossroads of history (and one which celebrated its 900th
birthday in 1994), it is now graced with charming street cafes and public
gardens, fine museums and a diverse selection of restaurants. The
Lower Town (Donji Grad) is a good starting point. The city's hub is
at the Square of Ban Jelacic. http://www.kosherdelight.com/Croatia.shtml
Coordinating Committee of Jewish Communities in Croatia http://www.mavensearch.com/synagogues/C3372Y41528RX http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=47&l=e&solo=141 Macedonia
Books
Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Macedonia is the only country created from the breakup of Communist-era Yugoslavia that, has not experienced war during the past decade. Only about 200 Jews live in the country, but the tight-knit group has been fighting to revive Jewish traditions, Jewish identity and Jewish life - and their presence has been recognized by the national leadership as an important symbol in a state that has tried to maintain a peaceful ethnic mix. What is believe to be the first new synagogue built in the Balkans since the end of WW II, was dedicated in 2000. In 1999, the Jewish community established a Jewish Humanitarian Aid Society called Dobra Volja to help refugees from Kosovo of whatever nationality - Albanian, Serb or Gyps - and also help local Macedonians in need. Capital city of the Republic of Macedonia is Skopje. The Jewish community leader is Viktor Mizrahi. Izhak Asiel is the chief rabbi of both
Macedonia and Yugoslavia. Zdravko Sami is vice president of the Jewish Community in
Macedonia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Macedonia MIA: Macedonian Information Almanac Archives
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - State Archives Bitola (Monastir), Macedonia "Evreite vo Makedonija vo Vtorata Svetska Vojna, 1941 - 1945; Zbornik na" (The Jews in Macedonia During the Second World War (1941 - 1945) - Collection of Documents) - Durres Port city on
Albania's Adriatic coast. http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Thessaloniki.htm http://www.albanian.com/v4/archive/index.php/t-16593.html Europages Business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, interational and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifiedsn FYR Macedonia
Jewish Community of Macedonia http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Macedonia.html http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10006802 http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/communities/monastir/liquidation.asp Monastir
There are Regional Special Interest Groups that have
Macedonia information and links. The site includes links to Bohemia-Moravia SIG, Denmark SIG, German-Jewish SIG, Hungary SIG and Stammbaum - German SIG at http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10006803 http://www.cassorla.net/Monastir.html http://www.sephardicstudies.org/monastir.html Search Engines for Macedonia Scroll down to 'Search Engines' Slavophilia A comprehensive guide to Internet resources on
Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Serbia
Serbia today, has about 3,000 Jews who are highly integrated into mainstream society. Jews first arrived in the 10th century and until the demise of the Ottoman Empire 900 years later. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/serbia.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Serbia http://www.srpska-mreza.com/library/facts/Jews.html http://srebrenica-genocide.blogspot.com/2009/05/serbian-involvement-in-holocaust-of.html http://jewishphotolibrary.smugmug.com/gallery/5323235_dSeoJ#325190335_MpAHx
Serbia-Today
To learn more about Serbia, I found this link The site offers to help you in your research and also offers additional links including surnames, etc. General Apatin There were only about 60 Jews living here before WW II and the Jewish community was murdered in the Holocaust. It is a small
Serbian town near the Hungarian border has a synagogue with a strange mural on the ceiling. The synagogue was built in 1885 for a Neolog congregation, the
Hungarian version of Reform Judaism. The mural shows the ten Commandments in the sky, but the Hebrew lettering on the tablets is written backward in mirror image. No one knows why this exists nor is there anything comparable in that part of
Serbia or in Hungary. The synagogue was sold to a Baptist church. http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-73925 http://www.radixhub.com/radixhub/gazetteers/1877/bacs-bodrog.htm http://www.dvhh.org/abthausen/ http://www.jewish-heritage-europe.eu/country/serbia/serbia3.htm
Belgrade
"The Final
Solutions: The Jews in Belgrade (1521-1942" - authored by Jennie Lebel
and published by The country's capital is located on the edge of the Carpathian Basin near where the Sava River meets the mighty Danube. Its position on the route from Turkey to Central Europe has long made it a center of commerce, communication, and, at times, upheaval. It is the capital and largest city of Serbia with about 1.5 million residents. Belgrade means "White City" in English. The only functioning synagogue is located at Marsala Birjuzova 19 and is known as Kosmajska Temple. The street was formerly known as Kosmajska before WW II. The synagogue was opened in 1926 by Ashkenazim, although today most of its congregants are Sefardim. The only Rabbi is Serbia is Yitzhak Asiel. The Jewish cemetery is located about a 10 minute drive east of the town center at 1 Mije Kovacevica and contains a Holocaust memorial It also contains a monument dedicated to the Jewish soldiers who were killed in the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars and WW I An article with
photos are available in the April/May 2010 issue of Hadassah Magazine and
was authored by Dan Fellner.
http://www.mavensearch.com/synagogues/ * See my Holocaust page Dorcol
The center of the Jewish quarter in Dorcol is
Jevrejska (Jewish) Street, which still exists as does the building
that once housed the Jewish societies Oneg Shabat and Gemilut Hasidim.
It was located at 16 Jevrejska and is now the Cinema Rex theater.
There is also a Holocaust memorial that was dedicated in 1990. http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org//serbia/dorcol-holocaust-memorial.html Europages Business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Jewish Historical Museum It is located on
the first floor of the community center and was established in 1948.
The museum has a database of birth, marriage and death records of Belgrade's
Jews from the middle of the 19th century until 1941. Telephone 381 11
2622 634. The museum's web site is in Serbian. Map and General Reference Information Maps of Europe http://www.discusmedia.com/catalog.php?catId=70 http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/balkans/haxserbia.html Newspapers in Serbia http://newslink.org/euserb.html Novi Sad The capital of Vojvodina is situated at a strategic bend in the Danube.
There is a gorgeous old synagogue still in existence at Jevrejska 9 and
opened in 1909. It is located about halfway between Subotica
and Belgrade and is the capital of Vojvodina and is
Serbia's second largest city. Most of the Jews who survived WW II,
immigrated to Israel in 1991. The synagogue was eventually turned over
to the city and is now used as a concert hall. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0015_0_14939.html http://www.porges.net/JewishHistoryOfYugoslavia.html Serbia Today http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Serbia Subotica There is still a Jewish community (about 220
- 250 Jews - the third largest in Serbia) located here. Mira Poljakovic is the communities representative and there is a synagogue where services are held. It
is located near the town center and was built in 1902. It is
considered one of the finest surviving examples of Art Nouveau architecture
in Europe. The main entrance is located on Jakab and Komor Street. It held
1,500 worshipers, but fell into disrepair after WW II and was last used for
religious services in the late 1940s.The city is north of
Belgrade only six miles from the Hungarian border. It is
about a two hour drive from Belgrade. The Subotica Jewish
Community jewcom@nadlanu.com
is raising funds to restore it back to it's previous state. http://www.hadassahmagazine.org/site/apps/nlnet/content.aspx?c=twI6LmN7IzF&b=5763109&ct=8182101 http://www.isjm.org/jhr/IInos3-4/subotica.htm Vojvodina Once part of
Hungary before WW I had active Jewish communities in several dozen towns
in the 19th and early 20th centuries. http://histclo.com/act/rel/faith/jew/dis/jd-yug.html http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Religion_in_Vojvodina Zemun A Belgrade suburb across the Danube was once the southern outpost of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at a time when the Turks ruled Belgrade. In 1850, an Ashkenazic synagogue located at Rabin Alcalaj Street 5 was built and still stands, though it currently houses a restaurant. The Jewish Community of Zemun web site is in English. The city can boast of the fact that the Zionist pioneer Theodor Herzl, who was born in Budapest, but his family originally came from Zemun, and his grandparents are buried in the Jewish Cemetery there. The
Jewish Community of Zemun http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-K8fCb98pA
Slovenia
Jewish Cemetery for soldiers who died in WW I. All that is left is this pillar from the front gate. It is located in Stanjel. http://www.isjm.org/jhr/IInos1-2/slovenia.htm
Slovenia lies 100 miles east of Venice, Italy and about 150 miles south of
Vienna. It is about the size of the State of New Jersey. It currently has a population of 2 million. The language is
Slovenian also known as Slovene. During the late 1800s, an estimated 330,000 immigrants emigrated to
Cleveland, Ohio. Slovenia has been fought over in many wars. It the last century, it was a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and a part of Yugoslavia. During the 20 years between the world wars, Italy annexed a large chunk of the country. It is easy to get confused about Slovenia, but it should not be mistaken for Slovakia, a nation neighboring the Czech Republic or Slavonia, a region of Croatia. Archives
Archives of the Republic - in Ljubljana
http://www.zrc-sazu.si/gi/SmallAtlas.htm Map of Slovenia Books http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Slovenia http://www.jewish-heritage-europe.eu/country/slovenia/slovenia.htm Ljubljana (pronounced loob-lyana) Capital of Slovenia It has a population of about 300,000. http://www.inyourpocket.com/slovenia/ljubljana/Sightseeing/Jewish-Ljubljana http://www.europeanjewishfund.org/index.php?/member_communities/slovenia/ The Electronic Embassy Offers many
Slovenia
links sponsored by a service of TeleDiplomacy, Inc. Jewish Community of Slovenia Organization, History, Life in Slovenia, Judaism in
Slovenia, News and more Jewish Community of Slovenia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Slovenia#Ancient_community http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_population http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/slovenia.html Loka pri Zusmu A tiny village once in
Yugoslavia, is now in the Republic of Slovenia since 1991. It is east of the
Slovene capital of Ljubljana, not far from the city of Celje. The nearest large town is
Sentur also close to Celje, which lies between Sentur and the border with
Croatia.
Search Engines for Macedonia Scroll down to 'Search Engines' Slavophilia A comprehensive guide to Internet resources on
Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Slovenia. A Guide to Virtual Slovenia Telephone Directory Slovenian phonebook in English/German/Slovenian Translating Services - Click Here Just in case you didn't think of it, contact a nearby university or college's foreign language department. They may offer to write letters and translate letters into English. A nominal fee is usually charged.
14,000 of the 20,000 German, Austrian and Czech Jews deported to Latvia were murdered there in WW II. Yad Vashem has added a list of over 48,000 Jews to their database. Assistance is available via e-mail at names.research@yadvashem.org.il Balkan Research
At this site you will find many links to Yugoslavia, Croatia, Bosnia and the Czech Republic among other countries and subjects -
Books
"Jews In Yugoslavia: Muzejski prostor, Zagreb, Jezuitski trg 4.", - edited by Ante Soric, et al and translated from Serbo-Croatian into English by Mira Vlatkovic and Sonia Wild-Bicanic. Published by MGC of Zagreb, Croatia in 1989. General An excellent site to find information about Yugoslavia. Type in
Yugoslavia in the search field. This site is a great source to find information for almost every European country.
Yugoslavia currently has a population of 11.2 million. The close-knit Jewish community in the former Yugoslav Federation was divided when Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia broke away and became independent during a series of bloody wars. The president of the Federation of Jewish Communities in Yugoslavia is Aca Singer. Archives - Yugoslavia Archives
In Belgrade Belgrade
The capital city has at least one active synagogue. Photo of synagogues Before WW II, there were 10,400 Jews and roughly 16,000 in the whole of Serbia. Almost 90 percent were killed in the Holocaust. The Belgrade Fair exhibition ground was once described as "the forgotten concentration camp" - the Sajmiste camp that the site was turned into during WW II by the occupying Nazis. Bitola (Monastir), Macedonia "Evreite vo Makedonija vo Vtorata Svetska Vojna, 1941 - 1945; Zbornik na" (The Jews in Macedonia During the Second World War (1941 - 1945)
- Collection of Documents)
Chelarevo The book, "Jews In Yugoslavia" was the ultimate source for both Ruth Ellen Gruber and Noel Malcolm regarding the Chelarevo gravesite. The book contains two photographs of Jewish stones from Chelarevo (Pages 21, 22) as well as the following text: "The early-medieval graveyard and settlement at Chelarevo, near Novi Sad, offers the most numerous and most unusual finds with Jewish symbols". Along with several hundreds of graves of typically Avaric characteristics (judging by the pottery, jewelry and horsemen's gear) excavations begun in 1972 produced several hundreds of graves of the same shape but lacking any additional burial objects. Although a considerable number of graves of this other type had been destroyed by the operation of a near-by brick works, they offered a unique archeological find, which at the same time was a great enigma: each grave was marked by a fragment of a Roman brick (never a whole brick, although these were plentiful in the near-by older Roman sites) into which a menorah was cut, and most frequently two other Jewish symbols on its left and right sides: the shofar and an esrog, a lulav on some bricks and even a small Jewish six-pointed star. Some 450 brick fragments have so far been found. A new major find at the Chelarevo site, according to a communication by archeologist Radovan Bunardzhic, who is continuing the excavations, is the discovery of a large settlement (sic.) in the immediate vicinity of the graveyard. Only a part of the settlement, 1.5 km long and 0.5 km wide, has so far been uncovered, but excavation is not yet complete. Apart from the remains of a goldsmith's workshop and a few fragments of brick with carved-in menorah, no elements have been found to indicate the origin of Chelarevo's inhabitants. Anthropological analyses have been made on the remains of skeletons from the graveyards with common Avaric objects, and they suggest a Mongol origin of that part of the population of Chelarevo, but with certain differences in comparison with the Avaric characteristics known so far. It is assumed that it was a newly arrived Mongol tribe from Asia. Results of anthropological analysis for which skeleton material has been forwarded recently are expected to shed more light on the extraction of the population whose tombs did not contain any additional funeral objects apart from the brick fragments with carved Jewish symbols. Several hypotheses have been proposed on the possible origin of a Jewish or Judaised population who marked the graves of their dead in this unusual way and had literate people among them. The influence of the Crimea Khazars has been mentioned in this context; their ruler, nobility and part of the population were Judaised in the 8th century and many Jews who had emigrated from Asia Minor and Byzantium, lived among them. Other migrations of inhabitants from Asia Minor can be assumed, as the Jewish Diaspora had been widespread there for centuries. Neither can another supposition be neglected of descendants of much earlier settlers from the Middle East during the Roman period, i.e. the so-called Oriental Jews who the troubled conditions in the Balkans drove north at the times of the Vo'lkerwanderung. One thing has been established with certainty: although the one-time population of
Chelarevo had different creeds, Pagan and Jewish, they did share the same settlement and the same graveyard. apart from certain sections of the graveyard where one or the other type of grave prevails, both types intermingle in a considerable part of the graveyard." The previous information was obtained from the Khazaria Info Center News http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/2086761/posts http://www.belarus-misc.org/bel-jwbk.htm Jewish Communities Federation of Jewish Communities in Yugoslavia Belgrade 10001, Yugoslavia http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Yugoslavia2.html http://www.eujs.org/contact_us/offices/36 Kikinda There is a Jewish memorial plaque in town and at least one elderly Holocaust survivor still living here. http://www.edwardvictor.com/Kikinda.htm
Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection - a source for maps of
Yugoslavia including city maps, and links to other country maps. A great web site 1944 Map of Balkans, Carpathian Mountains Terrain Map Maps of Europe Osyek http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Osijek.html http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_10673.html Passports Issued by the Empire
Local authorities throughout the Empire issued passports. The register that LDS has only includes a listing of passports that were issued by the Vienna passport office (i.e. the register doesn't include passports, which were issued by other offices in Austria, such as Galicia, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, etc.). Here is what LDS has from the
Vienna Passport Office: Post Offices of Former Austrian Territories
Includes Base post offices in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bohemia, Hungary, Levant, Lombardy, Mantua, Moravia, Silesia, Prague, Poland (Galicia), Venetia
and Yugoslavia - all places are in alphabetical order, with provinces prefixed Selenca (now located in Serbia) http://www.jewish-heritage-europe.eu/country/serbia/serbia3.htm http://wikimapia.org/6835790/Selen%C4%8Da Search Engines for Yugoslavia Scroll down to 'Search Engines' Slavophilia A comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Subotica http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subotica There is a synagogue in this village http://jewishphotolibrary.smugmug.com/gallery/5323244_A5iq4#325191003_vviKU http://rosenfeldornas.com/TheGreatlSynagogueSU.html Translating Services - Click Here Just in case you didn't think of it, contact a nearby university or college's foreign language department. They may offer to write letters and translate letters into English. A nominal fee is usually charged. Ujvidek (renamed Novid Sad, Yugoslavia) http://www.jewish-heritage-europe.eu/country/serbia/serbia3.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_raid_in_Novi_Sad Yizkor Books
Zrenjanin There is a Jewish memorial plaque in town and the remains of a Jewish cemetery. Lidija Petrovic is the president of the Jewish community..
Travel & Business Service If you need to read up on any country, use this link to Amazon.com by
clicking here > Jewish Genealogy
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Kruja, Albania with a sixth-century castle
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Istria
Belgrade's small but active Jewish community is composed of both
Sefardic and Ashkenazic influences. Sephardic Jews settled in the Dorcol
region which is close to the Danube. Ashkenazic Jews, arrived from
Austria-Hungary and Central Europe and moved further south,
near the Sava River. In the mid-17th century, Belgrade's Yeshiva became well
known and the Jewish community flourished. In April 1941, there were
approximately 12,000 Jews in the city - most of them Sefardim.
In thirteen months, Belgrade was the first city in Europe that was declared
"Judenfrei". Two thousand Jews were killed by firing squads at the
Topovske Supe transit camp in central Belgrade; most of the rest
were gassed at Sajmiste*, a camp near the Sava River that had
formerly been a fairground. Only about 2,000 of city's Jews survived
the Holocaust.
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