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 LingvoSoft Dictionary software English <-> Yiddish for Windows - 400,000 wordsWith this LingvoSoft smart dictionary software on your computer, you can easily switch between English and Yiddish, for prompt translations of 400,000 words both ways! Download Free Trial now
14,000 of the 20,000 German, Austrian and Czech Jews deported to Latvia were murdered there in WW II. Yad Vashem has added a list of over 48,000 Jews to their database. Assistance is available via e-mail at names.research@yadvasPhi8lFrhem.org.il Balkan Research - at this site you will find many links to Yugoslavia, Croatia, Bosnia and the Czech Republic among other countries and subjects -
"Jewish Sights of Bohemia and Moravia" - this books reviews the history of Jewish settlement in the Czech Republic and examines the history and character of Jewish ghettos, synagogues and cemeteries in the region. Published in 1991 "Rescue in Albania", authored by Harvey Sarner, details the facts that Albania is the only country in Europe that had a greater population of Jews within its borders after World War II, than before the Holocaust began. The reason, is that Albanians live by a moral code of responsibility called "Bessa, which not only mandates hospitality to guests, but makes insuring the well being of a guest an Albanian's personal duty. "Righteous Gentiles". These are non Jews, from many countries, who put their own lives at risk to save the lives of their Jewish neighbors during WW II and Albanians are particularly noteworthy in this regard.
Art Source International offers antique maps, prints and globes at Art Source International Albania Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Albania is a country with a population less than that of Los Angeles, with the courage to practice, rather than just preach their professed beliefs. Under Communist rule, Albania was proclaimed the world's firs atheist state, and the practice of religion, even privately, was outlawed. During this period, religious sites, Jewish and non-Jewish, were ravaged. With the collapse of Communism, most Albanian Jews immigrated to Israel, and today only a small remnant - about 15 people - of the Jewish population remains. During the Holocaust, Albanian Jews were protected by their neighbors and Jews from other countries who succeeded in reaching Albania also found sanctuary. There were about 200 Jews before WW II. Benjamin of Tudela heard of people living in the region, evidently Walachians, toward the end of the 12th century: "They are not strong in the faith of the Nazarenes and call each other by Jewish names, and some say that they are Jews." Jewish settlements were founded at the beginning of the 16th century in the Albanian seaports by exiles from Spain, who were joined by refugees from other areas. There were sizeable trading communities at Berat, Durazzo, Elbassan, and Valona: here there were Castilian, Catalonian, Sicilian, Portuguese, and Apulian synagogues. Information about Albania, including maps can be found at
Albanian Newspaper Link Saranda - a 1500 year old synagogue was discovered here by archeologists from Jerusalem's Hebrew University, as well as others who have been working to uncover and excavate the remains of this important historical site. Bosnia and Herzegovina
Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy It currently has a population of about 3.4 million. Fewer than 1,000 Bosnian Jews survived the Holocaust. It borders Croatia; Serbia and Montenegro. Until declaring independence in the spring of 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina existed as a republic in the former Yugoslavia. Banja Luka - currently has some Jews. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Reference - including Country Guide, E-mail and Business Page Directories, Maps Bosnia and Herzegovina Search Engines http://slavic.ohio-state.edu/people/yoo/links/bosnia/search.htm http://www.twics.com/~takakuwa/search/bosnia.html Search for maps of Bosnia Bosnia and the Balkan War - you can research the Balkan Wars at this site Diplomatic Representation from the US: Chief of Mission: Ambassador Richard Kauzlarich. Embassy: 43 Ul. Dure Dakovica, Sarajevo Phone: [387] (71) 445-700, 667-391, 667-389, 667-743, 667-390, 659-969, 659-992 Fax: [387] (71) 659-722 Diplomatic Representation in the US: Chief of Mission: Ambassador Sven Alkalaj, Chancery: Suite 760, 1707 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 Phone 1 202 833 3612, 3613, 3615 Fax: 1 202 833 2061 Doboj - has a few Jews living in the community
Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Jewish Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina Kovacici - there is a hillside Jewish cemetery Land Museum - is located at 3 Zmaja od Bosne: Phone 387 33 668-026 Krajsini - located 20 miles southeast of Mostar and 2 miles west of Stolac - flagstones laid in a menorah pattern lead to the grave of Rabbi Mose Danon. Mostar - has some 15 Jews currently living in the town. It is located 45 miles southwest of Sarajevo and before WW II had 308 Jews. Post Offices of Former Austrian Territories - includes Base post offices in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bohemia, Hungary, Levant, Lombardy, Mantua, Moravia, Silesia, Prague, Poland (Galicia), Venetia and Yugoslavia - all places are in alphabetical order, with provinces prefixed
Sarajevo - the capital city was once a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Sarajevo is the major city with other cities and towns including Bihac, Prijedor, Banja Luka, Bosanski Brod, Brcko, Tuzia, Zenica, Goradzde and Mostar in the general area. There are many small towns, in addition to these, but most did not have Jews living there at any time. The Jewish community in Sarajevo dates back to as early as 1541 and is one of the oldest in the former Yugoslavia. Spanish Jews arrived after expulsion from Spain via Salonika, Greece and included artisans, merchants, pharmacists and doctors. The built their own quarter, El Cortijo (the Courtyard) and a synagogue. In the 17th century, Ashkenazic Jews found the city and created their own community and functioned separately from the Sephardics until the Holocaust. An excellent article about this city, written by Esther Hecht appears in After WW I, Bosnia became part of Yugoslavia and Jews continued to enjoy religious freedom. and the first theological seminary opened in 1928. In 1941, there were some 8-12,000 Jews before deportations which left about 85% of the community to die at the hands of the Nazis and Croatian fascists. In 2007 there are an estimated 700 Jews out of a total population of 400,000. They are not religious, but they do hold Friday night services and celebrate festivals. They import a rabbi from Israel when they require one. The Sarajevo National Museum, since 1894, has owned the famous Sarajevo Haggada. This is the 109 page manuscript that is lavishly illustrated with exquisite illuminated paintings and has long been a symbol of Jewish presence in the Balkans. The Haggada was created in Spain in the 14th century and brought to Sarajevo after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492. Genealogy records are awaiting equipment to scan the old documents. The Jews have a quarterly paper Jevejski Glas (Jewish Voice) The Jewish Community Center should be able to answer questions related to Jewish sights and institutions: Phone 011 387-33-663-472 The Old Stone Synagogue is being used for services again. It was built in 1581 and after WW II was used as a Jewish museum until closed during the Bosnian War. It is located on Velika Avlija: Phone 387 - 33-535-688. It is sandwiched with another synagogue between the Gazi Husrev Bey Mosque and the Catholic cathedral . Tours are available in English and Hebrew. Next to the "Old Stone Synagogue" is a plain white stucco synagogue called Novi Hram (New Synagogue). It offers an art gallery owned by he Jewish community and is located at 38 Mula Mustafe Kresevlijakovica. Phone: 387 33 233 280. The Sephardic Synagogue is located at 24 Branilaca Sarajeva. A sign says "Bosnian Cultural Center, however it is known as Il Kal Grande and was built in 1931. The Nazis destroyed the interior, which was the largest and most lavish in the Balkans. There are several other synagogues - both Ashkenazi and Sephardic in the city proper. Jakob Finci was president of the Bosnian Jewish Community however it is Danilo Nikolic who is now the President in 2007. Search Engines for Bosnia Translating Services - Click Here Just in case you didn't think of it, contact a nearby university or college's foreign language department. They may offer to write letters and translate letters into English. A nominal fee is usually charged. Tuzla - has a few Jews living in the community Vlasenica - a small town near Sarajevo in northern Bosnia where Jews still live. The singer Flory Jagoda, a Ladino Jewess, and her family came from this community. She now lives in Alexandria, Virginia, USA. Zenica - has a few Jews currently living in the town.
Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Croatia is located in southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia and is slightly smaller than the State of West Virginia. It currently has a population of 4.7 million. Because of its location, this country controls most land routes from western Europe to the Aegean Sea and the Turkish Straits. More details about the country can be found at Administrative Divisions - 21 Counties (Zupanijas, Zupanija - Singular): Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Beretta, Sitar, Carload, Koprivnica-Krizevci, Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj, Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonia, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina, Slavonski, Brod-Posavina, Split-Dalmatia, Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-Knin, Zagreb Archives - National Archives Coordinating Committee of Jewish Communities in Croatia Dubrovnik
The Jewish Communities of Dubrovnik database
"The Ancient Jewish Community of Dubrovnik" - an article by Robert W. Case describing his travel experiences to this ancient city on the Adriatic Sea. Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Croatia Map Jasenovac - the largest WW II extermination camp in Croatia. It was built in August 1941 and finally dismantled in April 1945. It was the scene of one of the most barbaric death camps of the Holocaust and was the only death camp in Europe to have been run by local people without the help of the Nazis. Newspaper Link Search Engines for Croatia Slavophilia - a comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe
Fiume, (Rijeka) an emigration port on the Adriatic Sea for Hungarian and Croatian Jews, is now known as Rijeka and is in the Republic of Croatia near Trieste. At one time, before WW 1, Fiume was located in Modrus-Fiume County in Austro- Hungary. Jasenovac - located about 60 miles southeast of Croatia's capital of Zagreb. This is one of six camps that held Jews, huge numbers of Serbs and Gypsies who were slaughtered by the Ustashe. Osijek currently has a small Jewish population. Varazdin - The FHC (Family History Center) has no films on Jewish records for this town, just Roman Catholic records. Zagreb - the capital of Croatia currently has a small Jewish population. Macedonia Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Macedonia is the only country created from the breakup of Communist-era Yugoslavia that, has not experienced war during the past decade. Only about 200 Jews live in the country, but the tight-knit group has been fighting to revive Jewish traditions, Jewish identity and Jewish life - and their presence has been recognized by the national leadership as an important symbol in a state that has tried to maintain a peaceful ethnic mix. What is believe to be the first new synagogue built in the Balkans since the end of WW II, was dedicated in 2000. In 1999, the Jewish community established a Jewish Humanitarian Aid Society called Dobra Volja to help refugees from Kosovo of whatever nationality - Albanian, Serb or Gypsy - and also help local Macedonians in need. Capital city of the Republic of Macedonia is Skopje. The Jewish community leader is Viktor Mizrahi. Izhak Asiel is the chief rabbi of both Macedonia and Yugoslavia. Zdravko Sami is vice president of the Jewish Community in Macedonia. MIA: Macedonian Information Almanac Archives - The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - State Archives Bitola (Monastir), Macedonia - "Evreite vo Makedonija vo Vtorata Svetska Vojna, 1941 - Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds FYR Macedonia - Jewish Community of Macedonia Kosovo - in 2008, there are only 50 Jews left in the city Belonging to three families of clans, the all live in the city Prizren which in itself is a rare gem of ancient architecture amid a landscape devastated by war, poverty and Communist-era concrete. Monastir - There are Regional Special Interest Groups that have Macedonia information and links. The site includes links to Bohemia-Moravia SIG, Denmark SIG, German-Jewish SIG, Hungary SIG and Stammbaum - German SIG at Pristina - see Kosovo. Jews here speak Albanian and Turkish. There are no Jewish cemeteries here. Search Engines for Macedonia Slavophilia - a comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Serbia See also Macedonia Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Serbia today, has about 3,000 Jews who are highly integrated into mainstream society. Serbia-Today - to learn more about Serbia, I found this link General Apatin - there were only about 60 Jews living here before WW II and the Jewish community was murdered in the Holocaust. It is a small Serbian town near the Hungarian border has a synagogue with a strange mural on the ceiling. The synagogue was built in 1885 for a Neolog congregation, the Hungarian version of Reform Judaism. The mural shows the ten Commandments in the sky, but the Hebrew lettering on the tablets is written backward in mirror image. No one knows why this exists nor is there anything comparable in that part of Serbia or in Hungary. The synagogue was sold to a Baptist church. Belgrade - the country's capital is located on the edge of the Carpathian Basin near where the Sava River meets the mighty Danube. Its position on the route from Turkey to Central Europe has long made it a center of commerce, communication, and, at times, upheaval. This is a large city of over 1.5 million. The Jewish Historical Museum has fascinating photographs and objects on display including ancient demographic maps and sketches of synagogues from around the Balkans. Belgrade Synagogue is located on Marsala Birjuzova Street Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Map and General Reference Information Maps of Europe Newspapers in Serbia Novi Sad - the capital of Vojvodina is situated at a strategic bend in the Danube. Subotica - there is still a Jewish community (about 220 Jews - the third largest in Serbia) located here. Mira Poljakovic is the communities representative and there is a synagogue where services are held. The city is north of Belgrade on the Hungarian border. Slovenia Slovenia lies 100 miles east of Venice, Italy and about 150 miles south of Vienna. It is about the size of the State of New Jersey. It currently has a population of 2 million. The language is Slovenian also known as Slovene. During the late 1800s, an estimated 330,000 immigrants emigrated to Cleveland, Ohio. Slovenia has been fought over in many wars. It the last century, it was a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and a part of Yugoslavia. During the 20 years between the world wars, Italy annexed a large chunk of the country. It is easy to get confused about Slovenia, but it should not be mistaken for Slovakia, a nation neighboring the Czech Republic or Slavonia, a region of Croatia. Archives - Archives of the Republic - in Ljubljana Atlas Map of Slovenia Map of Slovenia Capital of Slovenia is Ljubljana (pronounced loob-lyana) has a population of about 300,000. It has been noted as being similar to Prague but without the tourists. The Electronic Embassy - has many Slovenia links sponsored by a service of TeleDiplomacy, Inc. Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Hotels - Best Hotel in Ljubljana is the Grand Hotel Union located on Miklosceva Street. Jewish Community of Slovenia - Organization, History, Life in Slovenia, Judaism in Slovenia, News and more Jewish Community of Slovenia Loka pri Zusmu - a tiny village once in Yugoslavia, is now in the Republic of Slovenia since 1991. It is east of the Slovene capital of Ljubljana, not far from the city of Celje. The nearest large town is Sentur also close to Celje, which lies between Sentur and the border with Croatia. Ljubljana - smaller version of Prague without the hordes of tourists. It has an old town across the river and below a castle plus old Roman ruins.
Search Engines for Macedonia Slavophilia - a comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Slovenia. A Guide to Virtual Slovenia Telephone Directory - Slovenian phonebook in English/German/Slovenian Translating Services - Click Here Just in case you didn't think of it, contact a nearby university or college's foreign language department. They may offer to write letters and translate letters into English. A nominal fee is usually charged.
14,000 of the 20,000 German, Austrian and Czech Jews deported to Latvia were murdered there in WW II. Yad Vashem has added a list of over 48,000 Jews to their database. Assistance is available via e-mail at names.research@yadvashem.org.il Balkan Research - at this site you will find many links to Yugoslavia, Croatia, Bosnia and the Czech Republic among other countries and subjects -
"Jews In Yugoslavia: Muzejski prostor, Zagreb, Jezuitski trg 4.", - edited by Ante Soric, et al and translated from Serbo-Croatian into English by Mira Vlatkovic and Sonia Wild-Bicanic. Published by MGC of Zagreb, Croatia in 1989. |
Books 
Ashkenazi Synagogue
Jewish street in Dubrovnik 
