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LANGUAGES



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Ectaco online dictionary Language:
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There are some great sites listed below that will help you translate from English to various languages, including Eastern Europe's languages and also various languages to English.  These are great sites to find out what a word  or a line on an old paper or a photograph means.  You now have an arsenal of great web sites to work with - some offer to do a small translation for free - while other sites charge a nominal fee. Good luck!

Having the ability to say hello in a number of languages, or to decipher a letter or web site that is in a foreign language is becoming more common.  There are now many sites available, but the results can be quite varied.  Most returns of a translation will allow you to grasp the general intent of the original text but will not produce a polished translation.

Google now allows you to translate various languages into English.  Give it a tryType in the word or words you want to translate -- select the language to/from and it will provide you with the answer
http://www.google.com/uds/samples/language/translate.html



To view a map showing language spread around Europe/Russia at the end of the century
http://www.ethnologue.com/country_index.asp
Russian
was the language of the administration throughout the Empire at the late 19th century.

Accented letters and other characters
http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/international/accents/codealt.html

For a wider variety of accented letters, try http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/international/accents/codealt.html

For writing in HTML etc. try http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/international/web/codehtml.html

Learn A Language - this BBC site offers you the opportunity to learn many European languages by site and by sound and it is free!  Here are the languages available, just click on the one of interest. 

A FREE Language Learning Program
http://www.word2word.com/coursead.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/



  Books

Most books, CDs, etc. can be ordered through my link to Amazon.com by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy 


Handwriting - a fascinating tutorial on Deciphering Old English Handwriting  http://www.amberskyline.com/treasuremaps/oldhand.html 

http://www.firstct.com/fv/oldhand.html


"In Their Words - A Genealogist's Translation Guide to Polish, German, Latin and Documents" authored by William Hoffman and Jonathan Shea, is an excellent resource.  Ordering information - the most direct way to get info on the books - is to go straight to this Website at
www.langline.com
or you can order from my link to Amazon.com by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy


"Latin Words" - a Latin word dictionary and grammar aid that translates for a beginning Latin student at
http://lysy2.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe


"Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary"-  
http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/mweb 



Dictionaries

An index of on-line Dictionaries 
http://www.yourdictionary.com/ 

Dictionary. Com 
www.dictionary.com 

Merriam-Webster/Online 
www.m-w.com

The Library of Congress Thesaurus -
www.loc.gov/pmei/lexico 

LOGOS: Multilingual E-Translation Portal - 
http://www.logos.it/lang/transl_en.html 

Multi-Lingual Dictionaries along with Translations between European languages and much more can be found at
http://www.yourdictionary.com/

On-line Dictionaries/Thesaurus  Over 208 Language Indices and Dictionaries 
http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/rbeard/diction.html 

OneLook dictionaries (several languages) -
www.onelook.com 

Refdesk.com -
www.refdesk.com 

Spell Web -
www.spellweb.com 



"The Ethnologue" - a catalogue of more than 6,700 languages spoken in 228 countries.  The Ethnologue Name Index lists over 39,000 language names, dialect names, and alternate names.  The Ethnologue Language Family Index organizes languages according to language families
http://www.sil.org/ethnologue/

Ethnologue - a database about languages of the world
http://www.ethnologue.com/


Free Translation - a very useful site to translate many languages including Spanish, French, German, Italian and Portuguese
http://www.freetranslation.com/-/desktop-translator/?6FFARYLE91X01HKT

Translator Directory - a site that offers limited free translators
http://www.translationdirectory.com/index.html

Translator Live - now you type in a sentence or words and translate it to many different languages for FREE!  Give it a try - you will love it!
http://translator.live.com/Default.aspx

Translate Russian to English
http://www.translate.ru/eng/

Transliterating English to Russian in One Step
eng2rus.html

Worldlingo Free Translating Service - up to 150 words
http://www.worldlingo.com/en/products_services/worldlingo_translator.html


Rules for Daitch-Mokotoff Soundex coding
http://www.jewishgen.org/gedcom/faq/sndcomp.html#q3.1 


Soundex - check the following JewishGen site for doing your own calculation of D-M or Nara Soundex codes.
http://www.jewishgen.org/jos/jossound.htm

Avotaynu Soundex Search
http://www.avotaynu.com/csi/csi-home.htmm


Town Name Translations -
http://www.kartenmeister.com/


"Translation Guide to Nineteenth Century Polish Language Civil Registration Documents" (Birth, Marriage & Death Records) - authored by Judith Franzin - a book by the Jewish Genealogical Society. A good source for translating Polish/Jewish acts in 19th. Century Polish-Language Civil-Registration Documents.  It covers births, marriages and deaths with differences noted for pre-1826 and post 1826 documents.  She has published a 2nd. edition.  There is a Library of Congress Catalog Card (no.89-84516) and ISBN 0-9613512-1-7.

Your local library can probably get a copy on an inter-library loan so that you can decide for yourself whether you have enough need to purchase one for yourself or for your own JGS group.  From a posting by Stan Finkelstein


Travlang's Translating Dictionaries -
www.dictionaries.travlang.com  


Umlauts - as a general rule, there is ambiguity in the transliteration of umlauts (the vowels a, o, u 'with two dots on top'.  In central Europe, these are usually transliterated as ae, oe, ue.  There is some logic in this because the umlaut characters originally were ligatures of these letters, like in the French word oeuvre.  In North America, the preferred transliteration is a, o, u -- just omit the dots.  Another character with ambiguous transcription is the "esszet" character which looks like a Greek beta.  It is often replaced by a double s, sometimes 'sz' (the original ligature, now obsolete) and maybe others.  Some Scandinavian characters pose similar transcription challenges.  From a posting by Juergen Stockburger.


Your Dictionary. com -
www.yourdictionary.com 



General Language
Information

Just for the fun of it! 

Here's a weird one, a site that analyzes prose and guesses at the gender of the author. Strangely enough, it really works. I tried it with a bunch of documents , and it guessed correctly in every instance. If you have a document (works only in English, I believe) you might want to determine if a male or a female wrote it. Try it yourself right here - it's very believable.
http://snipurl.com/gender_genie

Afgan Language - there is no specific language.  The country has two major languages -- Pashto and the local Persian dialect known as Dari.


Baltic, Lithuanian, Latvian, Old Prussian* Languages - http://www.slavophilia.net/language.htm

* indicates extinct languages

Baltic & Slavic Languages - translating assistance from/to English from: 
West Slavic
; Czech; Slovak; Polish; Polabian; Kashubian; Upper/Lower Sorbian.  South Slavic including Bosnian; Serbian; Croatian; Bulgarian; Macedonian; Slovene. East Slavic including: Russian; Belorussian; Ukrainian.  Baltic including: Lithuanian; Latvian; Old Prussian
http://www.slavophilia.net/language.htm 



Click2 Translate - a commercial service that offers help in translating foreign languages


Dictionary of Many Languages (Aussie, Brazilian Portuguese, Danish, Dutch, Finish and many more) - a Dictionary for Addict Spell Check made freely available to all users of Addictive Software's Addict Spell Check and Thesaurus - version 3 and higher
http://www.addictivesoftware.com


DOROT Genealogy Center - located at Beth Hatefutsoth in Tel Aviv e-mail

bhgnlgy@post.tau.ac.il

http://www.bh.org.il

DOROT Software

http://www.dorotree.com


East Slavic, Russian, Belorussian, Ukrainian -
http://www.slavophilia.net/language.htm


Free2Professional Translation - great site and easy to use
http://www.freetranslation.com/-/desktop-translator/?6FFARYLE91X01HKT


Fonts, software and keyboard labels for multilingual computing including Cyrillic
www.fingertipsoft.com 


Jewish Language Research Website - wow, what a site! Here you will find:

  • Bibliography of printed resources on Jewish Languages

  • Jewish Language

  • Heblanb (Hebrew Language)

  • Ladino Komunita (Discussions in Ladino)

  • Sephardi/Mizrachi Studies Caucus Mailing List

  • Hebrew Computing

  • Jewish Computing - and the list goes on and on.
    http://www.jewish-languages.org/resources.html


Ladino Language - also known as Judeo-Spanish, dates back to the Spanish Expulsion of 1492, when it became a specifically Jewish language. Several dialects are still spoken in the BalkansLadino is a mixture of many languages and is coined from the Spanish word ladinar, which means to translate the Torah from Hebrew into Spanish.
http://home.earthlink.net/~benven/ladino.html

Ladino was a language of the Diaspora, much like Yiddish, when the Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492.  Spain is known in Ladino as Sefarad and is derived from medieval Castilian Spanish.

Not only Salonikan Jews spoke Ladino, but also Turkish Jews, Bulgarian Jews
as well as Serbian/Bosnian and Croatian Jews. It is true that Ladino is not
spoken much inside Sephardic families as it was once, but Ladino is taught in many
academic institutions over the world.  For some Internet discussion lists Ladino is
the only language used to communicate.

In Spanish, the word for shirt is camisa.  In Ladino it is camiza.
Tarde means afternoon in Spanish and in Ladino it is tadre

Parnas = President of a Spanish and/or Portuguese Synagogue


Language - Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Grammar/Style and quotations - http://www.refdesk.com

Languages - Baltic and Slavic Languages
http://www.slavophilia.net/language.htm


Language Guides - The Yamada WWW Language guides - a definitive guide to language resources on the World Wide Web.  In the Guides, you will find pointers to: The Yamada Font Archive; links to the annotated list of language-related news groups and links to language related mailing lists.  They contain information on 115 languages and there are 112 fonts for 40 languages - all offered by the University of Oregon at
http://babel.uoregon.edu/YLC/guides.html


Languages of the World - links to language page sites -  the ultimate source of authentic and reliable information about the Languages of the world on the net. The links in this directory will guide you to the official sites of the languages that you are looking for.
http://www.123world.com/languages/index.html 

Languages for use while traveling.  Some quick and necessary words.
http://www.bugeurope.com/

Multilingo - a commercial translation site that offers translations in many languages.
http://www.online-language-translations.co.uk/


Letter Writing to Archives - "Felicia Zieff requested the help composing a short letter in Polish (to go to the Lublin Archives).

What I recommended (as an alternative) was that she check the website of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS)'s Family History Library, There she would find a link to its "Letter-Writing Guide," which provides excellent advice re writing to Poland for genealogical records - and what to expect in return. The guide also includes sample (boilerplate inquiry) sentences in English then translated into Polish and a sample "step-by-step" letter of inquiry suitable for submitting to the state archives." From a posting by Naidia Woolf


Rashi - the greatest Jewish commentator, Rashi, Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, was an outstanding community leader and decisor who schooled his two daughters because he had no sons.  A video, featuring Leonard Nimoy as the voice of Rashi and distributed by Destiny Films is available at
www.sisuent.com 


Spelling - "Each program (and website) has whatever conventions its authors gave it. In Windows there is a 'Character Map' which will allow you to enter unusual characters in a document-that usually will allow your home genealogy program to take things like a u mit umlaut.

But speaking as someone who has done that, I don't recommend it. I put the Bru(e)ckheimers who lived in Germany in my program with the umlauted u, and those in the US and elsewhere are entered as they spell their names-either with or without an e after the u. However, when I search for someone I have to search with and without the umlaut and with and without the e as the Find utility doesn't know about it. So, finally, I pulled out the umlauts and made notes in the appropriate people's files.

A hundred or more years ago, many names were spelled variously at various times and in various places, even without the 'unusual' foreign letters. If you enter the information as you find it, you will end up with many difficulties finding people (do I search for Smith, Smyth, Smythe...etc.?) So you need your own conventions!" From a posting on JewishGen by Sally Bruckheimer on 1/27/04

P.S. The character map is found in the program list under Accessories/System Tools. Of course, it may need to be installed from the Windows CD.



 Translating  

AIM - a translating program can be downloaded from PC World's download site for free.  It requires Windows 9.x.  After choosing the languages that you wish to converse in, you click an arrow to determine what you're transferring from and to.  The program supports English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish
http://www.pcworld.com/downloads/file_description/
0,fid,16322,tk,hsx,00.asp
 

Babelfish Translator - a resource where you can immediately translate (up to 150 words) from French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish to English and vice versus
http://babelfish.altavista.digital.com/cgi

http://babelfish.altavista.com/tr 
This site lets you translate up to 150 words from English (or translate from any of these languages to English) Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese and Spanish. This tool is a handy resource for your research, enabling you to read text on foreign language sites, for example.  Try typing a sentence of your own and translating to another language.  Now copy and paste the translation into the main window and translate it back to English.  I personally translated my 'Welcome' page into Spanish ... and it worked it seconds!

Babylon - Babylon-Pro is a dictionary tool that instantly delivers a world of information to users’ fingertips. Babylon provides translation, conversion and relevant information about any word or value that you click on. With a single click online or offline, this tool allows users to access information from thousands of glossaries and dictionaries, convert currencies, measurements, and time zones, and--through a text-to-speech system--hear the proper pronunciations of words (you must download and install the Babylon 'Say-it' plug-in from the Babylon Web site to enable the speech capabilities). Babylon also translates to English, Spanish, German, Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, Hebrew, and Swedish.  A free Demo web site is offered at
http://downloads-zdnet.com.com/3000-2279-10112948.html 

 

Click2Translate - a fee-based site that will translate an entire page for a reasonable fee.

LingvoSoft Dictionary English <-> Yiddish for Windows  LingvoSoft Dictionary software English <-> Yiddish for Windows - 400,000 words
 

 With this LingvoSoft smart dictionary software on your computer, you can easily switch between English and Yiddish, (an many other languages) for prompt translations of 400,000 words both ways! Download Free Trial now

Cyrillic Language alphabet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet


Free Translation - an easy-to-use site for rapid translations where you can get the 'gist' of foreign language text and web pages
http://www.freetranslation.com/-/desktop-translator/?6FFARYLE91X01HKT


From Language to Language
- this site offers a lot and includes Turkish, German, Russian, Spanish, French and Italian translating to English

http://www.langtolang.com/ 

langtolang.com
to

Genealogy.net Translation Service - at this site trans@genealogienetz.de you can request a translation be made in these supported languages at no charge: CZEch, ENGlish, DUTch, FREnch, GERman and POLish.  The site requests that you use the three-letter abbreviation as indicated in bold face and your request should have a maximum length of 40 lines.  The translations are done by a volunteer team, so before you use their services, I would suggest you read their instructions carefully which are spelled out in both German and English.  And as with any request to help you in your research, please make sure you send a 'Thank You' note.

A New Feature Site ... now search specific Languages  (you name it, Google offers it and believe me, you will be amazed) or Countries at this Google site 
http://www.google.com/language_tools

Lavrentiy Krupnak (Laurence Krupnak) offers his services in translating Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Hungarian, Yiddish, German, etc.  Translating is done on a fee basis.  Information available at
http://www.apgen.org/localchapters/nationalcapital/index.html 

Ling98 - a commercial service located in Montreal, Canada with partners all over the world
http://www.ling98.com/wwa.html

Lingo - multilingual solutions - at this site you can upload your document and get an instant price quote on a professional human translation.   
http://worldlingo.com/
 

Memo Ware - even if you don't have a PDA ( Personal Digital Assistant - a general term used to encompass electronic organizers and handheld computers) you can use Memo Ware's document files on my personal computer.  Once you have opened up this web site, you will have many choices - some of them can be also used with a PC or a MAC.  You will be required to download the program you are interested in and you will find many translation programs including translating from Dutch to English
http://www.memoware.com  

Mendez iTranslator™ a commercial translating service.  The site offers FREE on-line language translations and also offers a human translator service.  
http://itranslatoronline.com/

Multi-Lingual Dictionaries along with Translations between European languages and much more can be found at
http://www.yourdictionary.com/

Poltran - English to Polish and Polish to English free translation site
http://www.poltran.com

Prompt Online - just click on image below

PROMT-Online
http://translation2.paralink.com

Quick Fix - essential holiday phrases for the following languages:
Albanian, Basque, Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, Flemish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luxemborgish, Macedonian, Maltese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian.  Basic words in each language you select and it includes speaking the words plus the meaning in English.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/quickfix/

Russian Language - learn Russian words and meanings, Russian Dictionary, Russian Translations
www.helpmelearnrussian.com

Rustran.com - you can enter a word or a sentence in Russian or in English and receive
a translation in either language
http://rustran.com/socrat.php4

Systran - a professional human translation service
http://systransoft.com/ 
You can download the current version or purchase a CD Rom at
http://www.systransoft.com/Personal.htm 

Translating Services - Genealogy.net offers to do translations for free at http://www.genealogienetz.de/gene/misc/translation.html 
You need to send your requests, via email, to
trans@genealogienetz.de  The first line should read #SRC&gtDEST where SRC is the source language and DEST is the destination language (i.e. German to English).  Supported languages include CZEch, ENGlish, DUTch, FREnch, GERman, POLish  Read the instruction page thoroughly first.  Requests can take up to two or three weeks, depending on the language involved.

Just in case you didn't think of it, contact a nearby university or college's foreign language department.  They may offer to write letters and translate letters into English.  A nominal fee is usually charged.

Translations/Translation ServicesRussian Transliteration System  http://clover.slavic.pitt.edu/~taies/lc.html 

Translator Web Guide 
www.translatorguide.com 

A possible source for having a document translated is your local college or university - perhaps a professor or a student would be willing to do a translation.  A Language School may also be of assistance.

Library of Congress Transliteration Table
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html

UKRAINIAN-ENGLISH TRANSLITERATION TABLE

http://www.rada.kiev.ua/translit.htm

http://infoshare1.princeton.edu/katmandu/sgman/sltrans.html

http://www.brama.com/computer/enclode.html 

Worldlingo Free Translating Service - up to 150 words
http://www.worldlingo.com/en/products_services/worldlingo_translator.html


Slavic Cataloging Manual Transliteration Tables - click on any link below

Slavic Languages

Non-Slavic Cyrillic Languages

Russian
Belarusian
Serbian and Macedonian
Ukrainian
Bulgarian

Azerbaijani
Kazakh
Moldovan
Tajik
Tatar
Turkmen
Uzbek

Web Translation Service for FREE.  InterTran™ can translate single words, phrases, sentences and entire web pages between 767 language pairs 
http://www.tranexp.com.2000/InterTran?  
You must add the ? after the web address appears in the URL box.

You don't need a site to get most foreign characters on your computer.  First, go to Add/Remove Programs,  Then Windows Setup.  Next Add Multilanguage support for Cyrillic or Central (Polish etc.) European Languages, or whatever language you want.  You may also need to Add the Character Map, if that is not in your program list under Applications/System Tools.  It is in Add/Remove Programs, Windows Setup, System Tools.

With both of these installed, open the character map and look at the different fonts available, for example, in Windows 98, there are several CE (Central European) fonts, like Ariel CE.  There is Cyrillic.  When you choose the font, you will see all the strange characters available.  Choose one, copy, go back to your document, and paste it in.  you can also set up hot keys if you use them repeatedly.  

You can also change your keyboard, but it is not recommended.  For Hebrew, you need Hebrew fonts and the capability from Microsoft. This information obtained from a JewishGen Digest of 12/8/00 submitted by Sally Bruckheimer.

You can also download the necessary Internet Hebrew fonts from
http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=SILHebrUnic2

World AltaVista - (same as Babelfish) can translate passages of text or entire web pages among nine languages, or they can translate your page into their language of choice.
http://world.altavista.com/

  
Enter word or sentence in Russian or in English:

    

 
© "Arsenal". All rights reserved.



Belarus
Belarus Language Help
http://www.slavophilia.net/language.htm  

Meschane - means petty bourgeois



Bosnia & 
Herzegovina

Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Slovene, OCS* Languages
http://www.slavophilia.net/language.htm

* indicates extinct languages

Bosnian and Herzegovina Language Help
http://www.slavophilia.net/language.htm 



Bulgaria

Bulgarian Language Help
http://www.slavophilia.net/language.htm 



Chinese

The Beijing Expert Translation Co., Ltd. is based in Beijing, China, providing high quality translation services in most of the world’s commercially significant languages. In addition to considerable expertise English translations, we offer translation services in the following languages-pairs:

French-Chinese, Chinese-French, German-Chinese, Chinese-German, Japanese-Chinese, Chinese-Japanese, Russian-Chinese, Chinese-Russian, Korean-Chinese, and Chinese-Korean.    Dr. Wei Zhen  General Manager Beijing Expert Translation Co., Ltd.  Tel: 0086-10-82115891 82115892  Fax: 0086-10-82115893 E-mail: bjctn@163.com 

English to Chinese
http://www.freetranslation.com/-/desktop-translator/?6FFARYLE91X01HKT



Croatia

Croatian Language Help 
http://www.slavophilia.net/language.htm
 



Czech Republic